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P-660HW-T v2 User’s Guide
302 Appendix F IP Subnetting
Example Eight Subnets
Similarly use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and
111).
The following table shows class C IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Table 139 Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 128
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Table 140 Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
IP Address 192.168.1. 192
IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000
Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
Table 138 Subnet 2 (continued)
IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
Table 141 Eight Subnets
SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESS
BROADCAST
ADDRESS
1 0 1 30 31
2 32 33 62 63
3 64 65 94 95
4 96 97 126 127
- P-660HW-T v2 1
- Copyright 3
- Certifications 4
- Notices 5
- Viewing Certifications 5
- Safety Warnings 6
- Safety Warnings 7 7
- ZyXEL Limited Warranty 8
- Customer Support 9
- P-660HW-T v2 User’s Guide 10
- 10 Customer Support 10
- Table of Contents 11
- Chapter 6 13
- Chapter 7 13
- Chapter 8 14
- Chapter 9 14
- Chapter 10 15
- List of Figures 21
- 26 List of Figures 26
- List of Tables 27
- About This User's Guide 31
- Syntax Conventions 31
- Related Documentation 31
- User Guide Feedback 32
- Graphics Icons Key 32
- CHAPTER 1 33
- 1.2.1 Wireless Features 36
- Antenna 37
- WEP Encryption 37
- Output Power Management 37
- 1.4 Front Panel LEDs 38
- 1.5 Hardware Connection 39
- CHAPTER 2 41
- Figure 4 Password Screen 42
- 2.3.1 Using the Reset Button 43
- 2.4.1 Navigation Panel 43
- 2.4.2 Status Screen 46
- Figure 8 Status Screen 47
- Table 4 Status Screen 47
- 2.4.3 Status: Any IP Table 49
- 2.4.4 Status: WLAN Status 49
- Table 6 Status: WLAN Status 50
- Figure 13 System General 53
- CHAPTER 3 55
- Figure 15 Wizard: Welcome 56
- 3.2.1 Automatic Detection 57
- 3.2.2 Manual Configuration 57
- CHAPTER 4 69
- Figure 33 Select a Mode 70
- Figure 34 Wizard: Welcome 71
- CHAPTER 5 75
- 5.1.2 Multiplexing 76
- 5.1.4 VPI and VCI 77
- 5.1.5 IP Address Assignment 77
- 5.2 Metric 78
- 5.3 Traffic Shaping 79
- 5.3.1 ATM Traffic Classes 80
- 5.5 Internet Connection 81
- 82 Chapter 5 WAN Setup 82
- Chapter 5 WAN Setup 83 83
- 84 Chapter 5 WAN Setup 84
- 5.6.1 More Connections Edit 85
- 86 Chapter 5 WAN Setup 86
- Chapter 5 WAN Setup 87 87
- 88 Chapter 5 WAN Setup 88
- 5.7 Traffic Redirect 89
- 5.8 Configuring WAN Backup 90
- Check WAN IP Address 91
- 92 Chapter 5 WAN Setup 92
- CHAPTER 6 93
- 6.2.1 SSID 94
- 6.2.2 MAC Address Filter 94
- 6.2.3 User Authentication 95
- 6.2.4 Encryption 95
- 96 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN 96
- Chapter 6 Wireless LAN 97 97
- 6.4.1 No Security 98
- 6.4.2 WEP Encryption 98
- 6.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK 99
- 100 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN 100
- 6.4.4 WPA/WPA2 101
- 102 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN 102
- Table 31 Wireless: WPA/WPA2 102
- Chapter 6 Wireless LAN 103 103
- Figure 53 Advanced 104
- 104 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN 104
- 6.5 OTIST 105
- 6.5.1.2 Wireless Client 106
- 6.5.2 Starting OTIST 107
- 6.6 MAC Filter 108
- Chapter 6 Wireless LAN 109 109
- Table 34 MAC Address Filter 109
- 110 Chapter 6 Wireless LAN 110
- CHAPTER 7 111
- 7.1.2 DHCP Setup 112
- 7.1.3 DNS Server Address 112
- 7.2 LAN TCP/IP 113
- 7.2.2 RIP Setup 114
- 7.2.3 Multicast 115
- 7.2.4 Any IP 115
- 7.2.4.1 How Any IP Works 116
- 7.3 Configuring LAN IP 117
- 118 Chapter 7 LAN Setup 118
- Table 36 Advanced LAN Setup 118
- 7.4 DHCP Setup 119
- 7.5 LAN Client List 120
- 7.6 LAN IP Alias 121
- 122 Chapter 7 LAN Setup 122
- Figure 69 LAN IP Alias 122
- Table 39 LAN IP Alias 122
- Chapter 7 LAN Setup 123 123
- 124 Chapter 7 LAN Setup 124
- CHAPTER 8 125
- 8.1.2 What NAT Does 126
- 8.1.3 How NAT Works 126
- 8.1.4 NAT Application 127
- 8.1.5 NAT Mapping Types 127
- 8.3 NAT General Setup 128
- 8.4 Port Forwarding 129
- 8.6 Address Mapping 133
- CHAPTER 9 137
- 138 Chapter 9 Firewalls 138
- 9.4 Denial of Service 139
- 9.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks 140
- Chapter 9 Firewalls 141 141
- Figure 80 SYN Flood 141
- 9.4.2.1 ICMP Vulnerability 142
- 9.5 Stateful Inspection 143
- 144 Chapter 9 Firewalls 144
- 9.5.3 TCP Security 145
- 9.5.4 UDP/ICMP Security 145
- 9.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols 146
- 9.6.1 Security In General 146
- 9.7.1 Packet Filtering: 147
- 9.7.2 Firewall 148
- CHAPTER 10 149
- 10.3 Rule Logic Overview 150
- 10.4 Connection Direction 151
- 10.4.1 LAN to WAN Rules 152
- 10.4.2 Alerts 152
- 10.6 Firewall Rules Summary 153
- Figure 84 Firewall Rules 154
- Table 53 Firewall Rules 154
- 10.6.2 Customized Services 158
- 10.7 Example Firewall Rule 159
- 10.0.0.15 on the LAN 162
- 10.8 Predefined Services 163
- 10.9 Anti-Probing 165
- 10.10 DoS Thresholds 166
- 10.10.2 Half-Open Sessions 167
- CHAPTER 11 171
- CHAPTER 12 175
- 12.2.1 Static Route Edit 176
- Chapter 12 Static Route 177 177
- Table 64 Static Route Edit 177
- 178 Chapter 12 Static Route 178
- CHAPTER 13 179
- 13.5 Scheduler 180
- 13.8 Configuring Summary 184
- 13.9.1 Rule Configuration 187
- 13.10 Bandwidth Monitor 189
- CHAPTER 14 191
- Figure 106 Dynamic DNS 192
- Table 75 Dynamic DNS 192
- Device and the DDNS server 193
- CHAPTER 15 195
- 15.2 WWW 196
- 15.3 Telnet 197
- 15.4 Configuring Telnet 197
- 15.5 Configuring FTP 198
- 15.6 SNMP 199
- 15.6.1 Supported MIBs 200
- 15.6.2 SNMP Traps 201
- 15.6.3 Configuring SNMP 201
- 15.7 Configuring DNS 202
- 15.8 Configuring ICMP 203
- 15.9 TR-069 204
- Figure 115 Enabling TR-069 205
- Table 83 TR-069 Commands 205
- CHAPTER 16 207
- 16.2 UPnP and ZyXEL 208
- Table 84 Configuring UPnP 209
- Components selection box 210
- Figure 126 System Tray Icon 214
- Network 216
- CHAPTER 17 219
- 220 Chapter 17 System 220
- 17.2 Time Setting 221
- 222 Chapter 17 System 222
- Chapter 17 System 223 223
- 224 Chapter 17 System 224
- CHAPTER 18 225
- 226 Chapter 18 Logs 226
- Figure 133 View Log 226
- Table 87 View Log 226
- Chapter 18 Logs 227 227
- Figure 134 Log Settings 227
- Table 88 Log Settings 227
- 18.3.1 Example E-mail Log 228
- 18.4 Log Descriptions 229
- 230 Chapter 18 Logs 230
- Table 90 System Error Logs 230
- Chapter 18 Logs 231 231
- Table 92 TCP Reset Logs 231
- 232 Chapter 18 Logs 232
- Table 93 Packet Filter Logs 232
- Table 94 ICMP Logs 232
- 234 Chapter 18 Logs 234
- Table 99 Attack Logs 234
- Chapter 18 Logs 235 235
- Table 100 IPSec Logs 235
- 236 Chapter 18 Logs 236
- Table 101 IKE Logs 236
- Chapter 18 Logs 237 237
- 238 Chapter 18 Logs 238
- Table 102 PKI Logs 238
- Chapter 18 Logs 239 239
- 240 Chapter 18 Logs 240
- Table 104 802.1X Logs 240
- Chapter 18 Logs 241 241
- Table 105 ACL Setting Notes 241
- 242 Chapter 18 Logs 242
- Table 106 ICMP Notes 242
- Chapter 18 Logs 243 243
- Table 107 Syslog Logs 243
- 244 Chapter 18 Logs 244
- CHAPTER 19 245
- 246 Chapter 19 Tools 246
- 19.2 Configuration Screen 247
- 19.2.2 Restore Configuration 248
- 19.3 Restart 249
- 250 Chapter 19 Tools 250
- CHAPTER 20 251
- 20.2 DSL Line Diagnostic 252
- CHAPTER 21 253
- 21.3 Problems with the WAN 254
- APPENDIX A 257
- Table 118 Firmware 258
- APPENDIX B 261
- 262 Appendix B About ADSL 262
- APPENDIX C 263
- Example Internal SPTGEN Menus 266
- Table 121 Menu 3 267
- Table 123 Menu 12 271
- Command Examples 278
- APPENDIX D 279
- APPENDIX E 281
- Installing Components 282
- Configuring 283
- Windows 2000/NT/XP 284
- Macintosh OS 8/9 289
- Macintosh OS X 291
- Verifying Settings 292
- Using Configuration Files 294
- APPENDIX F 297
- Subnet Masks 298
- Subnetting 299
- Example: Two Subnets 300
- Example: Four Subnets 301
- Example Eight Subnets 302
- Appendix F IP Subnetting 303 303
- 304 Appendix F IP Subnetting 304
- APPENDIX G 305
- Log Commands 306
- Log Command Example 307
- APPENDIX H 309
- APPENDIX I 315
- NetBIOS Filter Configuration 316
- APPENDIX J 317
- ZyXEL Device With ISDN 319
- APPENDIX K 321
- 322 Appendix K Wireless LANs 322
- Appendix K Wireless LANs 323 323
- Fragmentation Threshold 324
- Preamble Type 325
- IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN 325
- Wireless Security Overview 326
- Types of Authentication 327
- PEAP (Protected EAP) 328
- Dynamic WEP Key Exchange 329
- WPA and WPA2 329
- Encryption 330
- User Authentication 331
- 332 Appendix K Wireless LANs 332
- Security Parameters Summary 333
- 334 Appendix K Wireless LANs 334
- APPENDIX L 335
- Figure 189 Internet Options 336
- JavaScripts 338
- 3 Scroll down to Scripting 339
- Java Permissions 340
- JAVA (Sun) 341
- Figure 195 Java (Sun) 342
- APPENDIX M 343
- IP Aliasing 344
- Numerics 345
- 346 Index 346
- Index 347 347
- 348 Index 348
- Index 349 349
- 350 Index 350
- Index 351 351
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